Artificial intelligence: A timeline via

• 1950

  Turing test

  Alan Turing proposes a test for computer intelligence: A computer would have passed when its text-based conversation is indistinguishable from humans

• 1956

  \’Artificial intelligence\’ coined

  Leading minds gather to discuss possibility of machines that think at Dartmouth University in New Hampshire. The term stuck

• 1968

  2001: A Space Odyssey

  Stanley Kubrick\’s space epic introduced HAL 9000, a paranoid computer that attempted to kill the spacemen on the spacecraft it controlled.

• 1970s

  AI Winter

  Amid disappointment about a lack of progress, organisations including US government arm DARPA reduce investment

• 1984

  Terminator released

  Arnold Schwarzenegger\’s blockbuster has been the doomsday scenario for artificial intelligence since it was released

• 1997

  Deep Blue defeats Kasparov

  IBM\’s computer beats the world chess champion over six games

• 2011

  Watson wins Jeopardy

  Another IBM victory: The artificially-intelligent system defeated two human players at the popular quiz show

• 2011

  Siri

  Apple\’s intelligent assistant debuts on the iPhone. It has improved dramatically since then

• 2012

  Driverless cars

  Google\’s driverless cars, announced in 2009, make their way onto California\’s roads

• 2016

  DeepMind beats champion Go player

  Seen as a major breakthrough, the deep learning system used by DeepMind\’s AlphaGo breaks one of the holy grails of AI